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	<title>Understanding TBI</title>
	
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	<meta name="description" content="Understanding TBI (BIRC) Research - Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC) at UCLA - The purpose of the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC) is to maintain a comprehensive basic and clinical scientific program in the field of TBI emphasizing translational research to develop effective therapies for head injured patients.">
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			function SM8_SwapBanner(){
				iNum=SM8_ThisBanner+1;if(iNum>=SM8_BannerItems.length)iNum=0;
				document.body_left_2.src=SM8_BannerItems[iNum][0].src; 
				SM8_ThisBanner=iNum;
				SM8_Timer=setTimeout('SM8_SwapBanner()',6000);
				if(SM8_MO){SM8_BannerWindowStatus();}else{window.status='';}
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			SM8_Timer=setTimeout('SM8_SwapBanner()',6000);
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function DHTMLNavBar_configureCookie(linkID) {
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	var cookie_name = '';
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function DHTMLNavBar_setPLinkIDCookie(linkID){
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var DHTMLrunMouseOvers = false;
var aryDHTMLMoImages = new Array();
var DHTMLimageList = new Array();
var DHTMLTimerID=null;
var itmp=0;

function DHTMLMOImage() {
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	this.ptrImage = DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(a[0]);
	this.imageMO = new Image();
	this.imageMO.src = a[1];
	this.HTMLname = a[0];
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// 0) html image name 1) mo image src 2)image Name for rollover key (rollover may have multiple mos for one html Image)
function DHTMLNavBarImagePreload() {
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function DHTMLNavBarMouseover() {
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	{
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		a = DHTMLNavBarMouseover.arguments;
		imageKey = (a[2])?a[2]:a[0];
		if(!(aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage))
			aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].ptrImage = DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(a[0]);		
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		{
			aryDHTMLMoImages[imageKey].OriginalSrc = a[1];
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}

var DHTMLNavBarTemponload = null;
if (window.onload && window.onload != null)
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function DHTMLFullyLoaded() {
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		DHTMLNavBarTemponload();
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}	
function DHTMLNavBarMouseOutTimer() {
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function DHTMLRestoreParent(layername) {
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}	
function DHTMLRestoreAll() {
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}	
function DHTMLNavBarMouseoverRestore() {
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	var o = null;
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	{
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	return true;
}	
function DHTMLNavBarLayerRestore() {
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	{
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function DHTMLNavBarArrayPushUnique(aryArray, varNewElement){
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	if(pushIt) 
		DHTMLNavBarArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement);	
	
	return pushIt;
}
function DHTMLNavBarArrayPush(aryArray, varNewElement) {
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}	
function DHTMLNavBarArrayPop(aryArray) {
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	var varItemToPop = null;
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		aryArray[aryArray.length]=null;
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	return varItemToPop;
}
	
var registeredObjects = new Array();
//v3.0 name changed to avoid clash with possible other JS in content, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver
function DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(n, d) {
	x = document.getElementById(n);
	return x;
}
	
var DHTMLNavBarTime         = 100;
var DHTMLNavBarTimes        = 2;
var DHTMLNavBarmoveDistance = 1;
var DHTMLNavBarThisLoc      = 325;
var aryDHTMLLayerNames      = new Array();
var aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo = new Array();
var aryDHTMLNavBarLayers    = new Array();
	
function DHTMLNavBarArrayContains()	{
	var a = DHTMLNavBarArrayContains.arguments;
	var foundit = false;
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	{
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	return foundit;
}
	
function DHTMLNavBarRegisterLayer()	{
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	var n = a[0];
	var d = a[1];
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		var mo = false;	
	
	if(!(DHTMLNavBarArrayContains(aryDHTMLLayerNames,n)))
	{
		if(o = DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj(n))
		{
			aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[n] = o;
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			aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[n] = new DHTMLNavBarLayer(n,d,mo);
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}
	
// v3.0 name changed, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver with customizations
function DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers()	{
	var i,p,v,x,obj,args = DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers.arguments;
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		DHTMLNavBarMouseOutTimer(); 
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	{
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			if (obj.style)
				obj.style.visibility = (v=='show')?'visible':(v='hide')?'hidden':v;
			else 
				obj.visibility = v;			
		}
	}
}
	
// v3.0 name changed, this function complements of MM Dreamweaver with customizations
function DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideGrandLayers() {
	var i,p,v,x,obj,args = DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideGrandLayers.arguments;
	if(args[args.length-1] != "menu") 
		DHTMLNavBarMouseOutTimer();
	for (var i=0; i < (args.length-2); i+=3)
	{
		if(!aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]]) {
			x = (args[i+2]=='show')?'hide':'show';
			DHTMLNavBarRegisterLayer(args[i],x);
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	 	if ((obj=aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]])!=null)
		{
			v = args[i+2];
			aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault = false;
	 			if(args[args.length-1] == "restore"){
				v = (v=='show')?'hide':'show';		
			}
			if (obj.style)
				obj.style.visibility = (v=='show')?'visible':(v='hide')?'hidden':v;
			else 
	 			obj.visibility = v;			
		}
	}
}
function DHTMLNavBarRestoreLayers()	{
	var i,p,v,obj,args = DHTMLNavBarRestoreLayers.arguments;
	for (var i=0; i < (args.length); i++)
	{		
	 	if (obj = aryDHTMLNavBarLayers[args[i]])
		{
			v = aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].defaultVisibility;
			var strobjid = obj.id;
			if (obj.style)
			{
				obj=obj.style;				
				v=(v=='show')?'visible':(v='hide')?'hidden':v;
			}
			obj.visibility = v;
			if (!aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].MOutLayer) 
				aryDHTMLNavBarLayerInfo[args[i]].isDefault=true;			
		}
	}
}
function DHTMLNavBarLayer()	{
	var a = DHTMLNavBarLayer.arguments;
	this.defaultVisibility = a[1];
	this.isDefault = true;
	this.MOutLayer = a[2];
}
	
var viz = "hide";
function DHTMLNavBarNavMove() {
	if(thisl==DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj("DHTMLNavBarScrollLayer"))	
	{
		if(thisl.style)
		{
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	if (DHTMLNavBarTimes<=0)
	{
		otherl=DHTMLNavBarMM_findObj("DHTMLNavBarLayer");
		otherl.visibility=viz;
	}
	else setTimeout("DHTMLNavBarNavMove()",DHTMLNavBarTime);	
}
function DHTML_swapImgRestore()	{ 	
 	var i,x,a=document.Sliding_sr;
 	for(var i=0; a && i < a.length && (x=a[i]) && x.oSrc; i++) 
	{			
		x.src = x.oSrc;
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}
function DHTML_preloadImages() { 
 	var d=document;
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 	{
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			d.Sliding_p=new Array();	
		var i,j=d.Sliding_p.length,a=DHTML_preloadImages.arguments;
		for(var i=0; i < a.length; i++)
		{
	 		if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0)
			{
				d.Sliding_p[j]=new Image;
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		}
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}
function DHTML_findObj(n, d) { 
	var p,i,x;
	if(!d) 
		d=document;	
	if((p=n.indexOf("?")) > 0 && parent.frames.length)
	{
	 	d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document;
		n=n.substring(0,p);
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	{
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	{
		x = DHTML_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
	}
	 if(!x && d.getElementById) 
		x=d.getElementById(n);	
		
	return x;
}
function DHTML_swapImage() { 
	var i,j=0,x,a=DHTML_swapImage.arguments;
	document.Sliding_sr=new Array;
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	{
		if ((x=DHTML_findObj(a[i]))!=null)
		{
			document.Sliding_sr[j++] = x;
			if(!x.oSrc)
				x.oSrc=x.src;			
			x.src = a[i+2];
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}
function DHTMLNavBarSwapRollover(swapimage,defaultimage,imageID) {
	if(imageID.length > 0 && document.getElementById(imageID))
	{
		if(swapimage.length > 0) 
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + swapimage;
		else
			document.getElementById(imageID).src = "images/" + defaultimage;		
	}
}
window.onload = DHTMLFullyLoaded;
			

//-->
</script>
			
	
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tr>
		<td valign="top">
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				<tr id="pRow15" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;" >
					<td valign="top" style="" id="pLink15"><a href="body.cfm?id=15" target="" class="clMain1">Conditions Treated</a></td>
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			</table>
			<div id="lyr15" class="clLeft1" onMouseOut="DHTMLRestoreAll();">
				<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="ChildNav1" border="0">
					<tr id="cRow15_1" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
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					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
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					<tr id="cRow15_2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink15_2"><a href="body.cfm?id=379" target="" class="clSubb1">Adult Conditions - Neurological</a></td>
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					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow15_3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink15_3"><a href="body.cfm?id=23" target="" class="clSubb1">Pediatric Conditions</a></td>
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						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
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					<tr id="cRow15_4" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink15_4"><a href="body.cfm?id=24" target="" class="clSubb1">Brain Conditions [A—L]</a></td>
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					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow15_5" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink15_5"><a href="body.cfm?id=846" target="" class="clSubb1">Brain Conditions [M—Z]</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow15_6" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink15_6"><a href="body.cfm?id=294" target="" class="clSubb1">Brain Tumor</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
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						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink15_7"><a href="body.cfm?id=25" target="" class="clSubb1">Spine Conditions</a></td>
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				<div id="endTablelyr15" style="height:1px;overflow:hidden;"></div><iframe id="Framelyr15" frameborder="0" style="background-color:transparent;left:0px;position:absolute;top:0px;width:100%;height:105;z-index:-1;filter:mask();"></iframe>
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		<div id="lryParentmain19" class="Parentmain1"  onmouseover="DHTMLRestoreAll();DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers('lyr19','','show','menu');" onmouseout="DHTML_swapImgRestore();" onclick="DHTMLNavBar_configureCookie('19');">
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				<tr id="pRow19" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;" >
					<td valign="top" style="" id="pLink19"><a href="body.cfm?id=19" target="" class="clMain1">Find a Doctor</a></td>
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			<div id="lyr19" class="clLeft1" onMouseOut="DHTMLRestoreAll();">
				<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="ChildNav1" border="0">
					<tr id="cRow19_1" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_1"><a href="body.cfm?id=943" target="" class="clSubb1">Physicians</a></td>
					</tr>
					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_2"><a href="body.cfm?id=840" target="" class="clSubb1">Research Scientists</a></td>
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					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
					</tr>
					<tr id="cRow19_3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;"  onmouseover="">
						<td valign="top" class="ChildNav1" style="" id="cLink19_3"><a href="body.cfm?id=20" target="" class="clSubb1">Need Help?</a></td>
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					<tr>
						<td valign="top"><img alt="" src='images/c_btwn.gif'></td>
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				</table>
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				<div id="endTablelyr19" style="height:1px;overflow:hidden;"></div><iframe id="Framelyr19" frameborder="0" style="background-color:transparent;left:0px;position:absolute;top:0px;width:100%;height:45;z-index:-1;filter:mask();"></iframe>
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		</td>
		<td valign="top">
		<div id="lryParentmain16" class="Parentmain1"  onmouseover="DHTMLRestoreAll();DHTMLNavBarMM_showHideLayers('lyr16','','show','menu');" onmouseout="DHTML_swapImgRestore();" onclick="DHTMLNavBar_configureCookie('16');">
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				<tr id="pRow16" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: transparent;" >
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								  <h1 class="pagetitle" id="pagetitle"><strong>Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC)</strong> / Understanding TBI</h1>
                                
                                
		
		<h1>Understanding TBI</h1>
<p>
<strong>What is a TBI?</strong><br />
<br />
A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an injury to the head arising from blunt or penetrating trauma or from acceleration-deceleration forces associated with any of the following: decreased level of consciousness, amnesia, other neurologic or neuropsychologic abnormalities, skull fracture, diagnosed intracranial lesions, or death.
</p>
<p>
Each year in the United States nearly one and half million people sustain a TBI. This is eight times greater than the number of people diagnosed with breast cancer and 34 times greater than the number of new cases of HIV/AIDS. 
</p>
<p>
After a moderate or severe TBI, a majority of persons will experience significant physical, behavioral/psychiatric, psychosocial, cognitive, and/or medical problems. These are the kinds of problems that affect functional independence, living skills, vocation and psychosocial development, and these problems may extend throughout a lifetime. 
</p>
<p>
Most TBIs are preventable. Because the sequence of events leading up to these injuries frequently follow a predictable pattern, points for intervention are possible. Prevention of these injuries often requires a multi-faceted approach involving education, enactment and enforcement of laws, and modifications in the environment where injuries occur.
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<a href="body.cfm?id=621">&lt;&lt; Return to Brain Injury Research Center Home</a>
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